Powonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zophatikizira kuponya chitsulo, alloy cast iron yokhala ndi dzimbiri kukana kwambiri mu media zina zitha kupezeka. High silicon cast iron ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zotayira za alloy zomwe zimakhala ndi 10% mpaka 16% silikoni zimatchedwa zitsulo zapamwamba za silicon cast. Kupatula mitundu yochepa yomwe ili ndi silicon 10% mpaka 12%, zomwe zili mu silicon nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuyambira 14% mpaka 16%. Pamene silicon zili zosakwana 14.5%, mawotchi amatha kusintha, koma kukana kwa dzimbiri kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ngati silicon yokhutira ifika kupitirira 18%, ngakhale kuti ndi yosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, aloyiyo imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo si yoyenera kuponyera. Choncho, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani ndi chitsulo chachikulu cha silicon chopangidwa ndi 14.5% mpaka 15%. [1]
Mayina amalonda akunja achitsulo chopangidwa ndi silicon yapamwamba ndi Duriron ndi Durichlor (omwe ali ndi molybdenum), ndipo kapangidwe kake kake kamawonetsedwa patebulo pansipa.
| chitsanzo | Zigawo zazikulu za mankhwala,% | ||||||
| silicon | molybdenum | chromium | manganese | sulufule | phosphorous | chitsulo | |
| High silicon cast iron | 14.25 | - | - | 0.50 ~ 0.56 | 〈0.05 | 〈0.1 | Khalanibe |
| Molybdenum yokhala ndi chitsulo chosungunuka kwambiri cha silicon | 14.25 | 〉3 | 少量 | 0.65 | 〈0.05 | 〈0.1 | Khalanibe |
Kukana dzimbiri
Chifukwa chomwe chitsulo cha silicon chapamwamba chokhala ndi silicon yoposa 14% chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikuti silikoni imapanga filimu yoteteza yopangidwa ndi Not corrosion resistant.
Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chachikulu cha silicon chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri muzofalitsa zotulutsa ma oxidizing ndi ma acid ena ochepetsa. Iwo akhoza kupirira kutentha zosiyanasiyana ndi woipa wa asidi nitric, asidi sulfuric, asidi asidi, asidi hydrochloric pa kutentha wabwinobwino, mafuta zidulo ndi zina zambiri TV. dzimbiri. Sizolimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi media monga high-temperature hydrochloric acid, sulfurous acid, hydrofluoric acid, halogen, caustic alkali solution ndi alkali yosungunuka. Chifukwa chosowa dzimbiri kukana ndi kuti zoteteza filimu pamwamba amakhala sungunuka pansi pa zochita za caustic zamchere, ndipo amakhala mpweya pansi zochita za hydrofluoric acid, amene amawononga zoteteza filimu.
Zimango katundu
Chitsulo chapamwamba cha silicon ndi cholimba komanso chosasunthika chokhala ndi makina osowa. Iyenera kupeŵa kukhudzidwa ndipo singagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zotengera zokakamiza. Ma castings nthawi zambiri sangangopangidwa ndi makina kupatula kugaya.
Machining performance
Kuonjezera zinthu zina zophatikizika ndi chitsulo chokwera cha silicon kumatha kupititsa patsogolo makina ake. Kuonjezera osowa dziko lapansi magnesium aloyi kwa mkulu-silicon kuponyedwa chitsulo munali 15% pakachitsulo pakamwa akhoza kuyeretsa ndi degas, kusintha masanjidwewo dongosolo chitsulo choponyedwa, ndi spheroidize graphite, motero kuwongolera mphamvu, kukana dzimbiri ndi processing ntchito ya chitsulo choponyedwa; kwa casting Magwiridwe nawonso apita patsogolo. Kuphatikiza pa kugaya, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi silicon chapamwambachi chimathanso kutembenuzidwa, kuponyedwa, kubowola, ndi kukonzedwa pansi pazifukwa zina. Komabe, sichili choyenera kuzizirira mwadzidzidzi ndi kutentha kwadzidzidzi; kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri ndikwabwinoko kuposa chitsulo wamba cha silicon. , zotengera zosinthidwa ndizofanana.
Kuonjezera 6.5% mpaka 8.5% yamkuwa ku chitsulo chosungunuka cha silicon chokhala ndi 13.5% mpaka 15% ya silikoni ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo makina. Kukana kwa dzimbiri kumafanana ndi chitsulo chosungunuka cha silicon, koma ndi nitric acid. Nkhaniyi ndi yoyenera kupanga zopangira pampu ndi manja omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri zamphamvu ndi kuvala. Ntchito yamakina imathanso kupitilizidwa pochepetsa zomwe zili mu silicon ndikuwonjezera ma alloying. Kuonjezera chromium, mkuwa ndi zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi ku silicon cast iron yomwe ili ndi 10% mpaka 12% silikoni (yotchedwa sing'anga ferrosilicon) ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo brittleness ndi processability. Ikhoza kutembenuzidwa, kubowola, kuponyedwa, ndi zina zotero, ndipo muzofalitsa zambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri kumakhalabe pafupi ndi chitsulo chachitsulo cha silicon.
Mu sing'anga-silicon chitsulo choponyedwa ndi silicon zili 10% mpaka 11%, kuphatikiza 1% mpaka 2.5% molybdenum, 1.8% mpaka 2.0% mkuwa ndi 0.35% osowa nthaka zinthu, makina ntchito bwino, ndipo akhoza kutembenuzidwa ndi wosamva. Kukana kwa dzimbiri kumafanana ndi chitsulo chachitsulo cha silicon. Yesetsani watsimikizira kuti mtundu uwu wa chitsulo kuponyedwa ntchito monga chophatikizira wa kuchepetsa nitric asidi mpope mu nitric asidi kupanga ndi chotengera cha sulfuric acid kufalitsidwa mpope kwa klorini kuyanika, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Zitsulo zapamwamba za silicon zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi sizingagwirizane ndi dzimbiri la hydrochloric acid. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kukana dzimbiri m'malo otsika kwambiri a hydrochloric acid kutentha. Pofuna kukonza dzimbiri kukana kwa mkulu pakachitsulo kuponyedwa chitsulo mu hydrochloric acid (makamaka otentha hydrochloric acid), zili molybdenum akhoza ziwonjezeke. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera 3% mpaka 4% molybdenum ku high silicon cast iron ndi silikoni zili 14% mpaka 16% angapeze Molybdenum munali high-silicon kuponyedwa chitsulo kupanga molybdenum oxychloride filimu zoteteza pamwamba pa kuponyera pansi. ntchito ya hydrochloric acid. Ndi insoluble mu hydrochloric acid, motero imakulitsa mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi dzimbiri la hydrochloric acid pa kutentha kwambiri. Kukana kwa dzimbiri sikunasinthe muzofalitsa zina. Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi silicon chapamwambachi chimatchedwanso chitsulo chosapanga chlorine. [1]
High silicon cast iron processing
Chitsulo chachikulu cha silicon chili ndi ubwino wa kuuma kwakukulu (HRC = 45) ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamawotchi osindikizira amakina popanga mankhwala. Popeza chitsulo chosungunula chili ndi 14-16% ya silicon, ndizovuta komanso zowonongeka, pali zovuta zina popanga izo. Komabe, kudzera mukuchita mosalekeza, zatsimikiziridwa kuti chitsulo chapamwamba cha silicon chikhoza kupangidwabe pansi pazifukwa zina.
Chitsulo chachikulu cha silicon chimapangidwa pa lathe, liwiro la spindle limayang'aniridwa pa 70 ~ 80 rpm, ndipo chakudya cha zida ndi 0.01 mm. Asanatembenukire movutikira, m'mphepete mwa nthitiyo ayenera kuchotsedwa. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri pakutembenuza movutikira nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1.5 mpaka 2 mm kwa workpiece.
Chida chotembenuza mutu ndi YG3, ndipo tsinde la chida ndi chitsulo chachitsulo.
Njira yodulira ndiyobwerera. Chifukwa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi silicon yapamwamba chimakhala cholimba kwambiri, kudula kumapangidwa kuchokera kunja kupita mkati molingana ndi zinthu zonse. Pamapeto pake, ngodyazo zidzadulidwa ndipo m'mphepete mwake mudzadulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo iwonongeke. Malinga ndi chizolowezi, kudula m'mbuyo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeŵa kudulidwa ndi kuswa, ndipo kudulidwa komaliza kwa mpeni wowala kuyenera kukhala kochepa.
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwachitsulo chachitsulo chapamwamba cha silicon, chigawo chachikulu cha zida zotembenuza ndizosiyana ndi zida zokhotakhota wamba, monga momwe chithunzi chakumanja chikusonyezera. Mitundu itatu ya zida zotembenuza pachithunzichi ili ndi ma angles oyipa. Mphepete mwa kudula kwakukulu ndi kudulidwa kwachiwiri kwa chida chotembenuza kumakhala ndi ngodya zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chithunzi A chikuwonetsa chida chozungulira chozungulira chamkati ndi chakunja, mbali yayikulu yokhota A=10°, ndi mbali yachiwiri yokhotayo B=30°. Chithunzi b chikuwonetsa chida chokhota kumapeto, kolowera yayikulu A=39°, ndi mbali yachiwiri yotsika B=6°. Chithunzi C chikuwonetsa chida chotembenuza bevel, mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota = 6 °.
Kubowola mabowo muchitsulo chapamwamba cha silicon nthawi zambiri kumakonzedwa pamakina otopetsa. Liwiro la spindle ndi 25 mpaka 30 rpm ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi 0.09 mpaka 0.13 mm. Ngati pobowola m'mimba mwake ndi 18 mpaka 20 mm, gwiritsani ntchito chitsulo cholimba kwambiri pogaya poyambira. (Popopopo sikuyenera kukhala kozama kwambiri). Chidutswa cha YG3 carbide chimayikidwa pamutu wobowola ndikuyika pakona yoyenera kubowola zida zonse, kotero kubowola kutha kuchitidwa mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, pobowola dzenje lalikulu kuposa 20 mm, mutha kubowola mabowo 18 mpaka 20, kenako ndikubowola molingana ndi kukula kofunikira. Mutu wa kubowola pang'onopang'ono umaphatikizidwa ndi zidutswa ziwiri za carbide (zinthu za YG3 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito), ndiyeno zimayikidwa mu semicircle. Kulitsani dzenje kapena kulitembenuza ndi saber.
ntchito
Chifukwa cha kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri kwa asidi, chitsulo chachikulu cha silicon chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poteteza dzimbiri. Makalasi ambiri ndi STSil5, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mapampu osamva acid, mapaipi, nsanja, zosinthira kutentha, zotengera, mavavu ndi matambala, etc.
Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi silicon yayikulu ndi chosalimba, choncho kusamala kwambiri kuyenera kuchitidwa pakuyika, kukonza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Osagunda ndi nyundo pakuyika; msonkhano uyenera kukhala wolondola kuti upewe kupsinjika kwaderako; kusintha kwakukulu kwa kusiyana kwa kutentha kapena kutentha komweko kumaletsedwa panthawi yogwira ntchito, makamaka poyambira, kuimitsa kapena kuyeretsa, kutentha ndi kuzizira kuyenera kukhala kochedwa; siyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zokakamiza.
Itha kupangidwa kukhala mapampu osiyanasiyana osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, mapampu a Nessler vacuum, atambala, mavavu, mapaipi opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera, mapaipi, mikono ya venturi, olekanitsa mphepo yamkuntho, nsanja za denitrification ndi nsanja za blekning, ng'anjo zandende ndi makina ochapira chisanadze, etc. Popanga asidi wa nitric wokhazikika, kutentha kwa nitric acid kumakhala kokwera kwambiri mpaka 115 mpaka 170 ° C akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mzati wovula. Pampu ya nitric acid centrifugal imagwira ndi nitric acid yokhala ndi ndende yofikira 98%. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosinthira kutentha ndi nsanja yodzaza ndi asidi osakanikirana a sulfuric acid ndi nitric acid, ndipo ili bwino. Kutenthetsa ng'anjo za petulo poyenga, acetic anhydride distillation nsanja ndi benzene distillation nsanja za triacetate cellulose kupanga, mapampu acid opangira glacial acetic acid ndi kupanga madzi sulfuric acid, komanso mapampu osiyanasiyana a asidi kapena mchere ndi matambala, ndi zina zambiri. zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala apamwamba kwambiri. Chitsulo cha silicon.
High silicon copper cast iron (GT alloy) imalimbana ndi dzimbiri za alkali ndi sulfuric acid, koma osati ku dzimbiri kwa nitric acid. Ili ndi kukana bwino kwa alkali kuposa chitsulo choponyedwa cha aluminiyamu komanso kukana kuvala kwambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapampu, ma impellers ndi ma bushings omwe amawononga kwambiri komanso amatha kuvala slurry.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-30-2024
