Chidziwitso: Mphamvu ya njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha pakuchita kwa ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo zidaphunziridwa. The mayeso limasonyeza kuti pambuyo kutentha mankhwala pa 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ pulayimale tempering + 580 ℃ yachiwiri tempering, zakuthupi kufika bwino ntchito index. Mapangidwe ake ndi otsika-carbon martensite + reverse transformation austenite, okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba kwa kutentha kochepa komanso kuuma koyenera. Imakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opangira kutentha kwa tsamba lalikulu.
Mawu ofunika: ZG06Cr13NI4Mo; martensitic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri; tsamba
Masamba akulu ndi gawo lofunikira mu ma turbine a hydropower. Utumiki wa magawowa ndi wovuta kwambiri, ndipo amakhudzidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi othamanga kwambiri, kuvala ndi kukokoloka kwa nthawi yaitali. Zinthuzo zimasankhidwa kuchokera ku ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi zida zamakina zabwino zonse komanso kukana dzimbiri. Ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu ya hydropower ndi ma castings ofananira kupita ku zazikulu, zofunika zapamwamba zimayikidwa patsogolo kuti pakhale zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri monga ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo. Pachifukwa ichi, pamodzi ndi mayesero kupanga ZG06C r13N i4M o masamba lalikulu la zoweta hydropower zida ogwira ntchito, kudzera ulamuliro mkati mwa zinthu mankhwala zikuchokera, kutentha ndondomeko poyerekezera mayeso ndi kusanthula zotsatira kusanthula, wokometsedwa single normalizing + pawiri tempering kutentha. mankhwala ndondomeko ZG06C r13N i4M o chuma zosapanga dzimbiri anatsimikiza kutulutsa castings kuti amakwaniritsa zofunika ntchito mkulu.
1 Kuwongolera kwamkati kwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala
ZG06C r13N i4M o zinthu ndi mkulu-mphamvu martensitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, amene amafunika kukhala mkulu mawotchi katundu ndi zabwino otsika kutentha amakhudza kulimba. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe kazinthu, mankhwalawo ankayendetsedwa mkati, omwe amafunikira w (C) ≤ 0.04%, w (P) ≤ 0.025%, w (S) ≤ 0.08%, ndipo mpweya wa gasi umayendetsedwa. Table 1 ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amawongolera mkati ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwa mankhwala achitsanzo, ndipo Gulu 2 likuwonetsa zofunikira pakuwongolera mkati mwazomwe zili ndi gasi komanso kusanthula kwazomwe zili mugasi.
Gulu 1 Kupanga kwa Chemical (chigawo chambiri,%)
| chinthu | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | Al |
| zofunika muyezo | ≤0.06 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.025 | 3.5-5.0 | 11.5-13.5 | 0.4-1.0 | ≤0.5 |
|
| Zosakaniza Internal Control | ≤0.04 | 0.6-0.9 | 1.4-0.7 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.008 | 4.0-5.0 | 12.0-13.0 | 0.5-0.7 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.040 |
| Unikani zotsatira | 0.023 | 1.0 | 0.57 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 4.61 | 13.0 | 0.56 | 0.02 | 0.035 |
Gulu 2 zamafuta (ppm)
| gasi | H | O | N |
| Zofunikira zowongolera mkati | ≤2.5 | ≤80 | ≤150 |
| Unikani zotsatira | 1.69 | 68.6 | 119.3 |
ZG06C r13N i4M o zinthu zidasungunuka mu ng'anjo yamagetsi ya 30 t, yoyengedwa mu ng'anjo ya 25T LF ya alloying, kusintha kapangidwe kake ndi kutentha, ndikuwotcha ndi kutenthedwa mung'anjo ya 25T VOD, potero kupeza chitsulo chosungunuka ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, mawonekedwe ofanana, kuyera kwambiri, ndi mpweya woyipa wochepa. Potsirizira pake, waya wa aluminiyamu anagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mpweya wotsirizira kuti achepetse mpweya wa okosijeni muchitsulo chosungunulacho ndi kuyenganso mbewuzo.
2 Kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko mayeso
2.1 Dongosolo loyesa
Thupi loponyera linkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thupi loyesera, kukula kwa chipika choyesera kunali 70mm × 70mm × 230mm, ndipo chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha chinali kufewetsa annealing. Pambuyo kufunsira mabuku, magawo kutentha ndondomeko mankhwala osankhidwa anali: normalizing kutentha 1 010 ℃, chachikulu tempering kutentha 590 ℃, 605 ℃, 620 ℃, yachiwiri tempering kutentha 580 ℃, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana tempering ankagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera mayesero. Dongosolo loyesera likuwonetsedwa mu Table 3.
Table 3 Dongosolo loyesera chithandizo cha kutentha
| Mapulani a mayesero | Njira yoyesera chithandizo cha kutentha | Ntchito zoyeserera |
| A1 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Kutentha | Kukhazikika kwa katundu Kukhudza kulimba Kulimba kwa HB Kupindika katundu Microstructure |
| A2 | 1 010 ℃Normalizing+620℃Kutentha+580℃Kutentha | |
| B1 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Kutentha | |
| B2 | 1 010 ℃Normalizing+620℃Kutentha+580℃Kutentha | |
| C1 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃Kutentha | |
| C2 | 1 010 ℃Normalizing+620℃Kutentha+580℃Kutentha |
2.2 Kusanthula zotsatira za mayeso
2.2.1 Kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Kuchokera pazotsatira zowunikira za kapangidwe kake ndi gasi zomwe zili mu Gulu 1 ndi Gulu 2, zinthu zazikulu ndi zomwe zili mugasi zimagwirizana ndi kuwongolera kosinthika kwamitundu.
2.2.2 Kuwunika kwa zotsatira zoyesa ntchito
Pambuyo mankhwala kutentha malinga ziwembu zosiyanasiyana mayeso, makina katundu kuyerekeza mayesero anachitidwa molingana ndi GB/T228.1-2010, GB/T229-2007, ndi GB/T231.1-2009 miyezo. Zotsatira zoyesera zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 4 ndi Table 5.
Table 4 Mechanical properties kusanthula njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha
| Mapulani a mayesero | Rp0.2/Mpa | Rm/Mpa | A/％ | Z/％ | AKV/J(0℃) | Kuuma mtengo Mtengo wa HBW |
| muyezo | ≥550 | ≥750 | ≥15 | ≥35 | ≥50 | 210-290 |
| A1 | 526 | 786 | 21.5 | 71 | 168, 160, 168 | 247 |
| A2 | 572 | 809 pa | 26 | 71 | 142, 143, 139 | 247 |
| B1 | 588 | 811 | 21.5 | 71 | 153, 144, 156 | 250 |
| B2 | 687 | 851 | 23 | 71 | 172, 165, 176 | 268 |
| C1 | 650 | 806 | 23 | 71 | 147, 152, 156 | 247 |
| C2 | 664 | 842 | 23.5 | 70 | 147, 141, 139 | 263 |
Table 5 Mayeso opindika
| Mapulani a mayesero | Mayeso opindika (d=25,a=90°) | kuwunika |
| B1 | Crack 5.2 × 1.2mm | Kulephera |
| B2 | Palibe ming'alu | woyenerera |
Kuchokera kuyerekeza ndi kusanthula katundu makina: (1) Normalizing + tempering kutentha mankhwala, zinthu angapeze bwino mawotchi katundu, kusonyeza kuti zakuthupi ndi hardability wabwino. (2) Pambuyo pochiza kutentha, mphamvu zokolola ndi pulasitiki (elongation) ya kutenthetsa pawiri zimakhala bwino poyerekeza ndi kutentha kumodzi. (3) Kuchokera pakuwunika ndi kusanthula kwa magwiridwe antchito, kupindika kwa B1 normalizing + kutenthetsa kumodzi sikuli koyenera, ndipo kuyesa kupindika kwa mayeso a B2 pambuyo pa kupsya mtima kawiri kumakhala koyenerera. (4) Poyerekeza zotsatira za mayeso a 6 osiyanasiyana kutentha kutentha, B2 ndondomeko chiwembu cha 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ single tempering + 580 ℃ yachiwiri kutentha ali bwino makina katundu, ndi zokolola mphamvu 687MPa, ndi elongation. wa 23%, kulimba kopitilira 160J pa 0 ℃, kuuma pang'ono kwa 268HB, komanso kupindika koyenera, zonse zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zazinthuzo.
2.2.3 Kusanthula kamangidwe kazitsulo
Kapangidwe kazitsulo kazinthu zoyeserera za B1 ndi B2 zidawunikidwa molingana ndi muyezo wa GB/T13298-1991. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a metallographic a normalizing + 605 ℃ woyamba kutentha, ndipo Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a metallographic a normalizing + tempering yoyamba + yachiwiri kutentha. Kuchokera pakuwunika ndi kusanthula kwazitsulo, kapangidwe kake ka ZG06C r13N i4M o pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha ndi low-carbon lath martensite + reversed austenite. Kuchokera pakuwunika kwamapangidwe a metallographic, mitolo ya lath martensite yazinthu pambuyo pakutentha koyamba imakhala yokhuthala komanso yayitali. Pambuyo pa kutentha kwachiwiri, mawonekedwe a matrix amasintha pang'ono, mawonekedwe a martensite amakonzedwanso pang'ono, ndipo mawonekedwewo ndi ofanana; ponena za ntchito, mphamvu zokolola ndi pulasitiki zimapangidwira bwino.
Chithunzi cha 1 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + microstructure imodzi yotentha
Chithunzi cha 2 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + mawonekedwe a metallographic kawiri
2.2.4 Kusanthula zotsatira za mayeso
1) Mayeso adatsimikizira kuti ZG06C r13N i4M o zakuthupi zili ndi kuuma bwino. Kupyolera mu normalizing + kutentha kutentha, zinthuzo zimatha kupeza zinthu zabwino zamakina; mphamvu zokolola ndi pulasitiki katundu (elongation) awiri temperings pambuyo normalizing kutentha mankhwala ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa a tempering mmodzi.
2) Kusanthula kwa mayeso kumatsimikizira kuti kapangidwe ka ZG06C r13N i4M o pambuyo pa normalizing ndi martensite, ndipo kapangidwe pambuyo kutentha ndi low-carbon lath tempered martensite + reversed austenite. The n'zokayikitsa austenite mu mtima dongosolo ali mkulu matenthedwe bata ndi zimakhudza kwambiri mawotchi katundu, zimakhudza katundu ndi kuponyera ndi kuwotcherera ndondomeko katundu wa zinthu. Chifukwa chake, zinthuzo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba kwa pulasitiki, kuuma koyenera, kukana bwino kwa mng'alu komanso kuponya bwino komanso kuwotcherera pambuyo pochiritsa kutentha.
3) Unikani zifukwa za kuwongolera kwachiwiri kwa kutentha kwa ZG06C r13N i4M o. Pambuyo pa normalizing, kutentha ndi kuteteza kutentha, ZG06C r13N i4M o imapanga austenite yabwino-grained pambuyo pa austenitization, ndiyeno imasandulika kukhala low-carbon martensite pambuyo pozizira mofulumira. Pakutentha koyamba, mpweya wa supersaturated mu martensite umalowa mu mawonekedwe a carbides, potero umachepetsa mphamvu ya zinthu ndikuwongolera pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwa zinthuzo. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha koyamba, kutenthetsa koyamba kumatulutsa bwino kwambiri reverse austenite kuwonjezera pa tempered martensite. Ma austenite awa amasinthidwa pang'ono kukhala martensite panthawi yoziziritsa, zomwe zimapatsa nucleation ndi kukula kwa khola la reverse austenite lomwe limapangidwanso panthawi yachiwiri ya kutentha. Cholinga cha kutentha kwachiwiri ndikupeza stable reverse austenite yokwanira. Ma austenites awa amatha kusinthika panthawi ya pulasitiki, potero kumapangitsa mphamvu ndi pulasitiki ya zinthuzo. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu, ndizosatheka kuyang'ana ndikusanthula reverse austenite, chifukwa chake kuyesaku kuyenera kutenga mawonekedwe amakanika ndi microstructure ngati zinthu zazikuluzikulu zofufuzira pakuwunika kofananira.
3 Ntchito Yopanga
ZG06C r13N i4M o ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Kupanga kwenikweni kwa masamba kukuchitika, kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi zofunikira zowongolera zamkati zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa, komanso njira yochizira kutentha yachiwiri normalizing + tempering imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Njira yothetsera kutentha ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3. Pakalipano, kupanga 10 zazikulu za hydropower blades zatha, ndipo ntchitoyo yakwaniritsa zofunikira za wogwiritsa ntchito. Adutsa kuwunikanso kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndipo adawunikidwa bwino.
Pamawonekedwe a masamba opindika ovuta, makulidwe akulu akulu, mitu ya shaft yokhuthala, komanso kupunduka kosavuta komanso kusweka, njira zina ziyenera kuchitidwa pochiza kutentha:
1) Mutu wa shaft uli pansi ndipo tsamba liri pamwamba. Dongosolo loyika ng'anjo limatengedwa kuti lithandizire kusinthika pang'ono, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 4;
2) Onetsetsani kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu kokwanira pakati pa castings ndi pakati pa castings ndi pad chitsulo pansi mbale kuonetsetsa kuzirala, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti wandiweyani kutsinde mutu akukwaniritsa akupanga kudziwika amafuna;
3) Gawo lotenthetsera la workpiece limagawika kangapo kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa bungwe pakuponya panthawi yotentha kuti mupewe kusweka.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwazomwe zili pamwambazi zimatsimikizira kutentha kwa tsamba.
Chithunzi cha 3 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo njira yochizira kutentha kwa tsamba
Chithunzi 4 Chiwembu chothandizira kutentha kwa ng'anjo ya ng'anjo
4 Mapeto
1) Malingana ndi kayendetsedwe ka mkati mwa mankhwala opangira mankhwala, kupyolera mu kuyesa kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, kumatsimikiziridwa kuti njira yopangira kutentha kwa ZG06C r13N i4M o zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yopangira kutentha kwa 1. 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ pulayimale tempering + 580 ℃ yachiwiri kutentha, amene angathe kuonetsetsa kuti katundu makina, otsika kutentha mphamvu katundu ndi ozizira kupinda katundu wa zinthu kuponyera kukwaniritsa zofunika muyezo.
2) ZG06C r13N i4M o zinthu ali hardability wabwino. Kapangidwe pambuyo normalizing + kawiri kutentha kutentha mankhwala ndi low-carbon lath martensite + reverse austenite ndi ntchito yabwino, amene ali ndi mphamvu mkulu, mkulu pulasitiki kulimba, kuuma koyenera, kukana ming'alu yabwino ndi kuponya bwino ndi kuwotcherera ntchito.
3) Chiwembu cha kutentha kwa kutentha kwa normalizing + kuwirikiza kawiri kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga kutentha kwazitsulo zazikulu, ndipo zinthu zakuthupi zonse zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za wogwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-28-2024
