一, Zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zimakhudza kutulutsa pamwamba
1. Maonekedwe a zipangizo, monga mchenga wowuma, amagawidwa mozungulira, lalikulu ndi katatu. Choyipa kwambiri ndi cha katatu, chokhala ndi mipata yayikulu kwambiri (ngati ndi mtundu wa mchenga wa resin, kuchuluka kwa utomoni wowonjezera kumawonjezekanso, ndipo, ndithudi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumawonjezekanso nthawi yomweyo. n'zosavuta kupanga pores), yabwino kwambiri ndi mchenga wozungulira. Ngati ndi mchenga wa ufa wa malasha, chiŵerengero cha mchenga (mphamvu ndi chinyezi cha mchenga) chimakhudzanso kwambiri maonekedwe. Ngati ndi mpweya wowuma mchenga mchenga, ndiye makamaka zimadalira ❖ kuyanika.
2. Zinthu. Ngati chiŵerengero cha mankhwala cha kuponyera sichili bwino, monga manganese otsika, n'zosavuta kumasuka ndipo zakuthupi zimakhala zovuta.
3. Kutaya dongosolo. Ngati makina oponyera ndi osamveka, amatha kuyambitsa kutayira kotayirira. Muzochitika zazikulu, zoponya sizingatsanulidwe, kapena ngakhale kuponyedwa kwathunthu sikungapangidwe.
Dongosolo losavomerezeka la slag limapangitsa kuti slag alowe mu nkhungu ndikupanga mabowo a slag.
4. Kupanga masila. Ngati slag muchitsulo chosungunula sichikutsukidwa kapena slag sichitsekedwa panthawi yoponyedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti slag ithamangire mu nkhungu, mabowo a slag adzawonekera.
5. Zopangidwa ndi anthu, chifukwa cha kusasamala, mchenga sutsukidwa kapena umagwera m'bokosi potseka bokosilo, mchenga sunaphatikizidwe mu mawonekedwe, kapena chiŵerengero cha mchenga ndi chopanda nzeru, mphamvu ya mchenga sikwanira, ndipo kuponya kumatulutsa trachoma.
6. Kupyola muyeso wa sulfure ndi phosphorous kumayambitsa ming'alu ya miyala. Popanga kapena kutsogolera kupanga, izi ndi zinthu zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa castings.
Zifukwa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la izo. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kosalekeza komanso kuzama kwa kupanga zopangira, mavuto omwe amakumana nawo pakupanga nthawi zambiri amachitika. Nthawi zina vuto limachitika ndipo chifukwa chake sichipezeka kwa nthawi yayitali.
二. Zinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kuuma kwa iron cast iron
Monga muyeso wofunikira wamtundu wa chitsulo chotuwira, kuuma kwapamwamba sikumangodziwiratu mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a chitsulo chotuwa, komanso kumakhudza kwambiri zida zamakina ndi moyo wautumiki wa magawo achitsulo a imvi. . Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwunika momwe mungasinthire kuuma kwa chitsulo cha imvi kuchokera kuzinthu zitatu: zida zamakina, zida zodulira, ndi magawo odulira.
1. Mphamvu ya zida zamakina pamtunda wowuma wa magawo achitsulo a imvi
Zinthu monga kusasunthika kwa chida cha makina, kulondola bwino kwa spindle, kukhazikika kofooka kwa chida cha makina, ndi mipata yayikulu pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana a chida cha makina zidzakhudza kuuma kwa chitsulo cha imvi.
Mwachitsanzo: ngati kuthamangitsidwa kulondola kwa makina chida spindle ndi 0.002mm, amene ndi 2 micron runout, ndiye theoretically zosatheka makina workpiece ndi roughness m'munsi kuposa 0.002mm. Nthawi zambiri, zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi roughness ya Ra1.0 zili bwino. Chitani izo. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo chotuwirapo chokha ndichoponyera, kotero sichingasinthidwe ndi roughness yapamwamba ngati zida zachitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, zikhalidwe za chida cha makinawo ndizosauka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti pamakhala zovuta.
Kukhazikika kwa chida cha makina nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa pafakitale ndipo sikungasinthidwe. Kuphatikiza pa kulimba kwa chida cha makina, chilolezo cha spindle chimathanso kusinthidwa, kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono kumatha kuwongolera, ndi zina zambiri kuti chilolezo cha chida cha makina chikhale chocheperako, potero amapeza roughness yapamwamba pakukonza magawo achitsulo imvi. digiri imatsimikizika pamlingo wina wake.
2.Zotsatira za zida zodulira pamwamba pa roughness ya imvi kuponyedwa zitsulo
Kusankha zida
Pamene kugwirizana pakati pa mamolekyu achitsulo a zida zachitsulo ndi zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa ndipamwamba, zinthu zomwe zimayenera kukonzedwa zimakhala zosavuta kugwirizanitsa ndi chida kuti apange m'mphepete mwake ndi scaly. Choncho, ngati kumatira kuli kwakukulu kapena kukangana kwakukulu, kuuma kwa pamwamba kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo mosiyana. . Mukakonza magawo achitsulo a imvi, zimakhala zovuta kuti zoyika za carbide zifike pamwamba pa Ra1.6. Ngakhale zitatheka, moyo wake wa zida udzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Komabe, zida za CBN zopangidwa ndi BNK30 zili ndi zida zotsika kwambiri zolimbana ndi zida komanso kukana kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri. Kukhazikika ndi kukana kuvala, roughness pamwamba pa Ra1.6 akhoza kukonzedwa mosavuta pa liwiro kudula kangapo kuposa carbide. Nthawi yomweyo, moyo wa chida ndi kangapo kuposa wa zida za carbide, ndipo kuwala kwapamtunda kumapangidwanso ndi Kukula kumodzi.
Kusankhidwa kwa zida za geometry
Zina mwa zida za geometric zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuuma kwapamtunda ndi mbali yayikulu yochepetsera Kr, mbali yachiwiri yotsika Kr' ndinsonga ya arc radius re. Pamene ngodya zazikulu ndi zachiwiri zochepetsera zimakhala zazing'ono, kutalika kwa malo otsalira a malo okonzedwanso ndi ang'onoang'ono, motero kuchepetsa kuuma kwapamwamba; ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono, kutsika kwapamwamba kwapamwamba, koma kuchepetsa kutsika kwachiwiri kumayambitsa kugwedezeka, kotero kuchepetsa Kuthamanga kwachiwiri kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kulimba kwa chida cha makina. Chikoka cha chida nsonga arc radius pa roughness pamwamba: Pamene kuwonjezereka pamene kuuma kumalola, kuuma kwa pamwamba kumachepa. Kuonjezera re ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kuuma kwa pamwamba. Choncho, kuchepetsa waukulu declination ngodya Kr, yachiwiri declination ngodya Kr' ndi kuwonjezera chida nsonga arc utali wozungulira r akhoza kuchepetsa kutalika kwa malo otsalira, potero kuchepetsa roughness pamwamba.
Akatswiri opanga zida anena kuti, "Ndizoyenera kusankha arc angle ya nsonga ya chida potengera kulimba komanso kuuma kwa ntchito yomwe iyenera kukonzedwa. Ngati kusasunthika kuli bwino, yesetsani kusankha mbali yokulirapo ya arc, yomwe siingowonjezera kuwongolera bwino, komanso kuwongolera kumapeto. "Koma podula mitengo yocheperako kapena yocheperako, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka arc radius nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwadongosolo."
Kuvala zida
Kuvala kwa zida zodulira kumagawidwa m'magawo atatu: kuvala koyambirira, kuvala bwino komanso kuvala koopsa. Chidacho chikalowa mu siteji yovala kwambiri, chiwopsezo cha kuvala kwa chida chimawonjezeka kwambiri, dongosololi limakhala losakhazikika, kugwedezeka kumawonjezeka, ndipo kusinthika kwamtundu wa roughness kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
M'munda wa imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo, mbali zambiri amapangidwa mu magulu, amene amafuna mkulu khalidwe kusasinthasintha ndi bwino kupanga. Choncho, makampani ambiri opanga makina amasankha kusintha zida popanda kuyembekezera kuti zida zifike pa gawo lachitatu la kuvala koopsa, komwe kumatchedwanso kuvomerezedwa. Posintha zida, makampani opanga makina amayesa zida mobwerezabwereza kuti adziwe mfundo yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imatha kuwonetsetsa kufunikira kwa roughness komanso kulondola kwachitsulo cha imvi popanda kukhudza magwiridwe antchito onse.
3.Chikoka cha kudula magawo pa roughness pamwamba pa imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo mbali.
Kusankhidwa kosiyana kwa magawo odulidwa kumakhudza kwambiri roughness pamwamba ndipo ayenera kulipidwa mokwanira. Kumaliza ndi njira yofunika kuonetsetsa roughness pamwamba pa imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo mbali. Choncho, pomaliza, ndi kudula magawo ayenera makamaka kuonetsetsa roughness pamwamba imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo mbali, poganizira zokolola ndi zofunika chida moyo. Kuzama kwakumapeto kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malire omwe amatsalira pambuyo popanga makina movutikira potengera kulondola kwa makinawo komanso zofunikira zapamtunda. Nthawi zambiri, kudula kuya kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa 0.5mm. Pa nthawi yomweyi, malinga ngati kulimba kwa chida cha makina kukulolani, kudula kwa chidacho kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira ndipo kuthamanga kwapamwamba kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa makina othamanga kwambiri a zigawo zachitsulo za imvi.
4. Chikoka cha zinthu zina padziko roughness wa imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo mbali
Mwachitsanzo, ziwiya zachitsulo zotuwa zili ndi zolakwika zina zoponyera, kusankha kwamadzimadzi odulira mopanda nzeru, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito zimakhudza kuuma kwa chitsulo chotuwira.
Akatswiri opanga zida anena kuti, "Kuphatikiza pazifukwa zazikulu zitatu za zida zamakina, zida zodulira, ndi magawo odulira, zinthu monga kudula madzi, ziwiya zachitsulo zonyezimira zokha, ndi njira zopangira zimagwiranso ntchito pakukula kwa imvi. kuponyedwa mbali chitsulo, monga kutembenuka, mphero, Pamene wotopetsa imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo mbali, CBN zida angathenso makina pamwamba roughness wa Ra0.8 ngati makina chida, kudula magawo ndi zinthu zina kulola, koma zidzakhudza kwambiri moyo chida. Zomwe zimafunikira ziyenera kuweruzidwa molingana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri. “.
5. Mwachidule
Poona kuti kuuma kwapamtunda kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a makina, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuuma kwapamwamba pakupanga kwenikweni zimachokera kuzinthu zambiri, m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu zonse ndikupanga kusintha kochulukira kwachuma kumtunda. kuuma ngati pakufunika kutero.
三, Momwe mungasinthire kumapeto kwa ma castings (ductile iron castings)
Kuphulika kwa mchenga
Luso:
Sambani ndi mafuta (120#) ndi kuumitsa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa → Kuphulitsa mchenga → Wozani mchenga ndi mpweya woponderezedwa → Ikani ndi kupachika → Zimbiri zofooka → Muzimutsuka ndi madzi ozizira oyenda → Electro-galvanize kapena chrome yolimba.
Njira yowonongeka yofooka: w (sulfuric acid) = 5% ~ 10%, kutentha kwa chipinda, 5 ~ 10s.
Njira zokometsera ndi zokometsera
Pamene workpiece saloledwa kuti ikhale mchenga chifukwa cha zofunikira zapadera kuti zikhale zolondola kapena zomaliza pamwamba, njira zokhazokha zokometsera ndi zotsuka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeretsa pamwamba.
sitepe:
①Kutsuka mafuta (120#). Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzaza mafuta kapena mafuta onyansa, sambaninso ndi petulo yoyera 120#.
② Wouma ndi mpweya woponderezedwa.
③ kukokoloka kwa nthaka. w (hydrochloric acid) = 15%, w (hydrofluoric acid) = 5%, kutentha kwa chipinda, mpaka dzimbiri litachotsedwa. Ngati dzimbiri lachuluka ndipo sikelo ya okusayidiyo ndi yokhuthala, iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi makina poyamba. The etching nthawi siyenera kukhala yaitali kwambiri, apo ayi izo mosavuta kuchititsa hydrogenation wa gawo lapansi ndi kuvumbulutsa kwambiri free carbon pamwamba, kuchititsa tsankho kapena kulephera kupaka ❖ kuyanika.
④ Kutsuka ndi laimu slurry kumatha kuwonetsa bwino kristalo pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito ndikupeza zokutira ndi mphamvu yomangirira.
⑤ Muzimutsuka ndi kupukuta. Chotsani laimu kumamatira pamwamba.
⑥ Kuyika ndi kupachika. Ziwalo zachitsulo zotayira zimakhala ndi kusayenda bwino kwamagetsi, kotero ziyenera kukhala zolimba zikayikidwa ndikupachikidwa. Payenera kukhala malo olumikizirana ambiri momwe mungathere. Mtunda pakati pa workpieces uyenera kukhala wokulirapo pang'ono nthawi 0,3 kuposa magawo a electroplated opangidwa ndi zinthu zina.
⑦ Kutsegula. Cholinga cha kuyambitsa ndikuchotsa filimu ya okusayidi yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yotsuka, kukwera ndi njira zina. Mkhalidwe wa formula ndi ndondomeko: w (sulfuric acid) = 5% ~ 10%, w (hydrofluoric acid) = 5% ~ 7%, kutentha kwa chipinda, 5 ~ 10s.
⑧Sambani ndi madzi oyenda.
⑨ Electro-zinc plating kapena chromium yolimba.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-26-2024
