Kuwerengera Nthawi Yozizira Yoponya

Pofuna kupewa kuti ma castings asawonongeke, ming'alu ndi zolakwika zina chifukwa cha kuzizira kofulumira pambuyo pothira, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma castings ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso zolimba pakuyeretsa mchenga, ma castings ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yozizirira yokwanira mu nkhungu. Zopangira zomwe zimapangidwa mosalekeza ziyenera kupangidwa ndi kutalika kokwanira kwa gawo lozizirira kuti zitsimikizire nthawi yozizirira ya zoponya.

Nthawi yoziziritsa mu-mold ya castings imagwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri monga kulemera, makulidwe a khoma, zovuta, mtundu wa aloyi, mawonekedwe a nkhungu, momwe zinthu zimapangidwira ndi zinthu zina za castings.

一、 Kuzizira kwa zigawo zachitsulo mu nkhungu yamchenga

Nthawi yozizira ya zitsulo zotayidwa mu nkhungu yamchenga zimatsimikiziridwa potengera kutentha pamene mukumasula. Mukhoza kutchula deta zotsatirazi: 300-500 ° C kwa castings wamba; 200-300 ° C kwa castings sachedwa kuzizira ndi mapindikidwe; 200-300 ° C kwa castings sachedwa kutentha akulimbana Kutentha kutentha ndi 800-900 ℃. Mukangomasula, chotsani chokwera chotsanulira ndikuyeretsa phata la mchenga, kenaka muyike mu dzenje la mchenga wotentha kapena lowetsani ng'anjo kuti muzizizire pang'onopang'ono.

1, Nthawi yozizira ya zitsulo zotayidwa mu nkhungu mchenga nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa potchula Table 11-2-1 ndi Table 11-2-3.

Tebulo 11-2-1 Nthawi yozizirira yapakati ndi zazing'ono zoponyedwa mumchenga nkhungu

Zindikirani: Kwa ma castings okhala ndi makoma owonda, kulemera kopepuka komanso mawonekedwe osavuta, nthawi yozizira iyenera kutengedwa ngati mtengo wochepa, apo ayi, nthawi yozizira iyenera kutengedwa ngati mtengo waukulu.

Table 11-2-2 Kuzizira nthawi ya castings lalikulu mu mchenga nkhungu

Zindikirani: Popanga dzenje, nthawi yoziziritsa yoponya iyenera kuonjezedwa pafupifupi 30%.

Tebulo 11-2-3 Nthawi yoziziritsa mu nkhungu yamchenga yapakatikati komanso yaying'ono panthawi yothira

Zindikirani: 1. Kutaya kulemera kumatanthawuza kulemera kwathunthu mu bokosi lililonse

2, Castings amakakamizidwa utakhazikika ndi mpweya wabwino pa mzere kupanga, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndi yochepa.

Nthawi yoziziritsa mu nkhungu yazitsulo zazikuluzikulu zoponyera chitsulo zimatha kuwerengedwa motsatira njira yoyeserera.

t=vG (2-1)

mu formula t--Kuponya nthawi yozizira (h)

v——Mulingo wozizira woponya, tengani 4~8h/t

g——Kulemera kwake (t)

k ndi chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwa kuponyera ku voliyumu yake yozungulira. Kukula kwa mtengo wa k, kumapangitsanso makulidwe a khoma la kuponyera komanso nthawi yayitali yozizirira. Njira yowerengera ya k ndi

k=G/V (2-2)

mu formula k——Kulemera kwa kuponyera ndi chiŵerengero cha voliyumu yake (t/m³);

G——Kulemera kwa kuponya (t)

V——Voliyumu yapang’onopang’ono yakunja (m³)

二, Kuzizira nthawi ya castings zitsulo mu nkhungu mchenga

Zoponyera zitsulo zotsuka mchenga wa hydraulic, kuyeretsa mchenga wophulika ndi zida za pneumatic kuyeretsa mchenga ziyenera kuzizidwa mpaka 250-450 ° C mumchenga kuti ugwedezeke. Mchenga wogwa pamwamba pa 450 ° C ungayambitse kupotoza ndi ming'alu ya miyala. Nthawi yozizirira mu nkhungu yamchenga ikuwoneka pazithunzi 11-2-1 ndi Chithunzi 11-2-3.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zitatuzi, muyenera kulabadira mfundo izi:

(1) Pamene kulemera kwa carbon zitsulo kuponyera kuposa 110t, pamaziko a kupeza kuzirala mtengo lolingana 110t malinga ndi Chithunzi 11-2-2, pa 1t iliyonse yowonjezera kulemera, kuwonjezera nthawi yozizira ndi 1-3h.

(2) Pamene kulemera kwa ZG310-570 ndi aloyi zitsulo castings kuposa 8.5t, nthawi yozizira akhoza kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi kuzirala mtengo wa carbon zitsulo castings analandira malinga ndi Chithunzi 11-2-1 ndi Chithunzi 11-2-2 .

(3) Zopangira zokhala ndi mipanda (monga ma anvils, ndi zina zotero) zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso makulidwe a yunifolomu amatha kumasulidwa (kapena pried lotayirira) 20-30% kale kuposa nthawi yozizira yomwe yatchulidwa pachithunzichi. Kuponyedwa kotereku kungathenso kukhazikika mwachibadwa mu dzenje lotsanulira popanda kutentha kutentha mu ng'anjo, ndipo nthawi yosungira kutentha imawerengedwa ngati 1.5-2t maola 24 aliwonse.

(4) Kwa ma castings okhala ndi zovuta, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa makulidwe a khoma, komanso komwe kumakhala ming'alu, nthawi yozizira iyenera kukhala yotalikirapo 30% kuposa mtengo womwe wafotokozedwa pachithunzichi.

(5) Pazojambula zina zokhala ngati dzenje, bokosi lakuphimba liyenera kunyamulidwa pasadakhale kapena nkhungu yamchenga iyenera kumasulidwa. Izi zidzawonjezera kuzizira, kotero kuti nthawi yozizira ikhoza kufupikitsidwa ndi 10%.

三、 Kutentha kwa nkhungu kwa ma castings alloy alloy

Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma alloy castings omwe si achitsulo amapezeka molingana ndi Table 11-2-4.

Table 11-2-4 Extrusion kutentha kwa sanali ferrous aloyi castings