The mankhwala zikuchokera mchenga ceramic makamaka Al2O3 ndi SiO2, ndi mchere gawo la mchenga ceramic makamaka corundum gawo ndi mullite gawo, komanso pang'ono gawo amorphous. Kukana kwa mchenga wa ceramic nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa 1800 ° C, ndipo ndizitsulo zowuma kwambiri za aluminiyamu-silicon refractory.
Makhalidwe a mchenga wa ceramic
● High refractoriness;
● Coefficient yaing'ono yowonjezera kutentha;
● High matenthedwe madutsidwe;
● Maonekedwe ozungulira ozungulira, mbali yaing'ono yaing'ono, madzimadzi abwino ndi luso lophatikizana;
● Pamalo osalala, opanda ming'alu, opanda mabampu;
● Zosalowerera ndale, zoyenera kuponya zitsulo zosiyanasiyana;
● Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo sizisweka mosavuta;
● The tinthu kukula osiyanasiyana ndi lonse, ndi kusanganikirana akhoza makonda malinga ndi zofunika ndondomeko.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa Ceramic mu Engine Castings
1. Gwiritsani ntchito mchenga wa ceramic kuti muthetse mitsempha, kumamatira mchenga, maziko osweka ndi kusintha kwapakati pa mchenga wa mutu wa silinda yachitsulo.
● Silinda ya silinda ndi mutu wa silinda ndizofunika kwambiri za injini
● Maonekedwe a bowo lamkati ndi ovuta, ndipo pamafunika kulondola kwa dimensional ndi ukhondo wamkati wamkati ndi wapamwamba.
● Gulu lalikulu
Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso kuti zinthu zili bwino,
● Mchenga wobiriwira (makamaka Hydrostatic styling line) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
● Miyendo yamchenga nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito makina oziziritsa komanso opaka utomoni mchenga (chipolopolo cha zipolopolo), ndipo nsonga zina za mchenga zimagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi otentha.
● Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ovuta a mchenga wamchenga wa cylinder block ndi kuponya mutu, mchenga wina wa mchenga uli ndi malo ang'onoang'ono ozungulira, gawo lochepetsetsa lazitsulo zina za silinda ndi ma cylinder head jekete amadzi ndi 3-3.5mm okha, ndipo mchenga ndi wopapatiza, pachimake mchenga pambuyo kuponyera atazunguliridwa ndi mkulu kutentha chitsulo chosungunula kwa nthawi yaitali, n'zovuta kuyeretsa mchenga, ndi zipangizo kuyeretsa wapadera chofunika, etc. M'mbuyomu, mchenga wa silika ankagwiritsidwa ntchito poponya. kupanga, zomwe zinayambitsa mavuto a mitsempha ndi mchenga m'madzi a jekete lamadzi a cylinder block ndi mutu wa silinda. Core deformation ndi zovuta zosweka ndizofala komanso zovuta kuzithetsa.
Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto amenewa, kuyambira chakumapeto 2010, ena odziwika bwino makampani zoweta injini kuponyera, monga FAW, Weichai, Shangchai, Shanxi Xinke, etc., anayamba kufufuza ndi kuyesa ntchito mchenga ceramic kubala midadada yamphamvu, matumba amadzi a silinda, ndi mavesi amafuta. Miyendo yofanana yamchenga imachotsa bwino kapena kuchepetsa zilema monga kusefukira kwamkati, kukakamira mchenga, kupindika kwa mchenga, ndi ma cores osweka.
Tsatirani zithunzi zopangidwa ndi mchenga wa ceramic ndi ndondomeko ya bokosi lozizira.
Kuyambira pamenepo, mchenga wa ceramic wosakanizidwa ndi mchenga wakhala umakwezedwa pang'onopang'ono m'mabokosi ozizira ndi njira zotentha zamabokosi, ndikuyika pamiyendo ya jekete lamadzi la silinda. Zakhala zikupangidwa mokhazikika kwa zaka zoposa 6. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwaposachedwa kwa tsinde la mchenga wozizira ndi: molingana ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa pachimake cha mchenga, kuchuluka kwa mchenga wa ceramic womwe wawonjezeredwa ndi 30% -50%, kuchuluka kwa utomoni wowonjezera ndi 1.2% -1.8%, ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ndi 2.2-2.7 MPa. (Zitsanzo za kuyesa kwa labotale)
Chidule
Zigawo zachitsulo za silinda ndi zitsulo zamutu zimakhala ndi zing'onozing'ono zamkati zamkati, ndipo kutentha kwake kumakhala pakati pa 1440-1500 ° C. Mbali yopyapyala yokhala ndi mipanda yamchenga imapindika mosavuta ndi chitsulo chosungunuka chotentha kwambiri, monga chitsulo chosungunula kulowa mkatikati mwa mchenga, kapena kupanga mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe kuti apange mchenga womata. The refractoriness mchenga wa ceramic ndi wamkulu kuposa 1800 ° C, panthawiyi, kachulukidwe weniweni wa mchenga wa ceramic ndi wokwera kwambiri, mphamvu ya kinetic ya mchenga wa particles ndi m'mimba mwake ndi liwiro ndi 1.28 nthawi za mchenga wa silika powombera mchenga, zomwe zingatheke. kuonjezera kachulukidwe mchenga mitima.
Ubwino uwu ndi chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic kumatha kuthana ndi vuto la mchenga wokhazikika mkatikati mwa ma cylinder head castings.
Jekete lamadzi, kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa mbali za silinda ndi mutu wa silinda nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi vuto la mitsempha. Kafukufuku wambiri ndi machitidwe oponyera awonetsa kuti gwero la zolakwika za veining pamtunda woponyera ndikusintha kwagawo kukula kwa mchenga wa silika, womwe umayambitsa kupsinjika kwamafuta kumabweretsa ming'alu pamtunda wa mchenga, womwe umayambitsa chitsulo chosungunuka. kuti alowe mu ming'alu, chizolowezi cha mitsempha ndi chachikulu makamaka mu ndondomeko yozizira. Ndipotu, kutentha kwa mchenga wa silika ndi 1.5%, pamene kutentha kwa mchenga wa ceramic ndi 0.13% yokha (kutentha pa 1000 ° C kwa mphindi 10). Kuthekera kwa kusweka ndi kochepa kwambiri komwe pamtunda wa mchenga chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa matenthedwe owonjezera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic pachimake cha mchenga wa cylinder block ndi silinda mutu pakali pano ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza yothetsera vuto la mitsempha.
Zovuta, zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, zazitali komanso zopapatiza za jekete lamadzi lamadzi amchenga ndi ma cylinder oil channel sand cores amafunikira mphamvu yayikulu (kuphatikiza kulimba kwa kutentha) komanso kulimba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ayenera kuwongolera kutulutsa mpweya wa mchenga wapakati. Mwachizoloŵezi, ndondomeko ya mchenga wophimbidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri . Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mchenga wa ceramic kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa utomoni ndikukwaniritsa zotsatira za mphamvu zambiri komanso kutsika kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chakusintha kosalekeza kwa magwiridwe antchito a utomoni ndi mchenga waiwisi, njira ya bokosi lozizira yalowa m'malo mwa mchenga wokutidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuwongolera kwambiri kupanga komanso kukonza malo opangira.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic kuthetsa vuto la mchenga pachimake mapindikidwe a utsi chitoliro
Utsi manifolds ntchito pansi pa kutentha alternating mikhalidwe kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana zinthu pa kutentha kwambiri zimakhudza mwachindunji moyo utumiki wa utsi manifolds. M'zaka zaposachedwa, dziko lino lakhala likusintha mosalekeza miyezo yotulutsa utsi wagalimoto, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa catalytic ndi ukadaulo wa turbocharging kwachulukitsa kwambiri kutentha kwautsi wambiri, kufika pamwamba pa 750 ° C. Ndi kusintha kwina kwa magwiridwe antchito a injini, kutentha kwa magwiridwe antchito kumawonjezekanso. Pakali pano, zitsulo zosagwira kutentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga ZG 40Cr22Ni10Si2 (JB/T 13044), ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa 950 ° C-1100 ° C.
M'kati mwazitsulo zotulutsa mpweya nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuti zikhale zopanda ming'alu, kutsekeka kozizira, ming'alu ya shrinkage, slag inclusions, etc. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali malamulo okhwima komanso omveka bwino pa kupatuka kwa makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro. Kwa nthawi yayitali, vuto la makulidwe a khoma komanso kupatuka kwakukulu kwa khoma la chitoliro la utsi lakhala likuvutitsa ma foundries ambiri.
Poyambira adagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa silika wokutidwa ndi mchenga kuti apange zotulutsa zitsulo zosagwira kutentha. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri (1470-1550 ° C), zitsulo zamchenga zinali zopunduka mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zosalolera mu makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro. Ngakhale mchenga wa silika wathandizidwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa gawo, chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, sungathe kugonjetsa mapindikidwe a mchenga pachimake pa kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro. , ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, zidzachotsedwa. Pofuna kukonza mphamvu ya mchenga pachimake ndi kulamulira mpweya m'badwo wa pachimake mchenga, anaganiza ntchito ceramic mchenga TACHIMATA mchenga. Pamene kuchuluka kwa utomoni wowonjezeredwa kunali 36% kutsika kuposa mchenga wa silika wokutidwa ndi mchenga, mphamvu yopindika ya chipinda chake ndi mphamvu yopindika yotentha idakwera ndi 51%, 67%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumachepetsedwa ndi 20%, komwe kumakumana ndi ndondomeko zofunika mphamvu mkulu ndi otsika mpweya m'badwo.
Fakitale imagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa silika wokutidwa ndi mchenga ndi mchenga wa mchenga wa ceramic poponyera nthawi imodzi, pambuyo poyeretsa zoponyera, amafufuza za anatomical.
Ngati pachimake chimapangidwa ndi mchenga wa silika wokutidwa ndi mchenga, ma castings amakhala ndi makulidwe a khoma ndi khoma lochepa thupi, ndipo makulidwe a khoma ndi 3.0-6.2 mm; pamene pachimake chimapangidwa ndi mchenga wa ceramic wokutidwa, makulidwe a khoma la kuponyera ndi yunifolomu, ndipo makulidwe a khoma ndi 4.4-4.6 mm. monga chithunzi chotsatira
Mchenga wa silika wokutidwa ndi mchenga
Mchenga wa ceramic wokutidwa ndi mchenga
Mchenga wa Ceramic wokutidwa ndi mchenga umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cores, omwe amathetsa kusweka kwa mchenga, amachepetsa mapindikidwe amchenga, amathandizira kwambiri kulondola kwamkati kwamkati pamitsempha yotaya njira zopopera, komanso kumachepetsa kumatira kwa mchenga mkati mwamkati, kuwongolera kuwongolera kwamkati. castings ndi zomalizidwa mitengo ndi kupeza phindu lalikulu zachuma.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic m'nyumba za turbocharger
Kutentha kogwira ntchito kumapeto kwa chipolopolo cha turbocharger nthawi zambiri kumapitilira 600 ° C, ndipo ena amafika mpaka 950-1050 ° C. Chigobacho chiyenera kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kukhala ndi ntchito yabwino yoponyera. Mapangidwe a chipolopolo ndi ophatikizana, makulidwe a khoma ndi ochepa komanso ofanana, ndipo mkati mwake ndi woyera, ndi zina zotero, ndizofunika kwambiri. Pakalipano, nyumba ya turbocharger nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosagwira kutentha (monga 1.4837 ndi 1.4849 ya German standard DIN EN 10295), ndipo chitsulo chosagwira kutentha chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito (monga German standard GGG SiMo, American. muyezo wapamwamba nickel austenitic nodular chitsulo D5S, etc.).
A 1.8 T injini turbocharger nyumba, zakuthupi: 1.4837, kutanthauza GX40CrNiSi 25-12, waukulu mankhwala zikuchokera (%): C: 0.3-0.5, Si: 1-2.5, Cr: 24-27, Mo: Max 0.5, Ni: 11 -14, kuthira kutentha 1560 ℃. Aloyiyo imakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, kutsika kwakukulu, chizolowezi champhamvu chosweka, komanso kuvutika kwakukulu. Mapangidwe a metallographic a kuponyera ali ndi zofunikira zokhwima pa ma carbides otsalira ndi ma inclusions opanda zitsulo, ndipo palinso malamulo enieni okhudza kuponyera zolakwika. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ma castings amawoneka bwino komanso akupanga bwino, njira yowumbayo imatengera kuyika kwapakati ndi zipolopolo za mchenga zokutidwa ndi filimu (ndi bokosi lozizira ndi mabokosi otentha). Poyambirira, mchenga wotsukira wa AFS50 unkagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiyeno mchenga wowotcha wa silika ankagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mavuto monga kumamatira mchenga, ming’alu, ming’alu ya kutentha, ndi pobowo mkati mwake ankawoneka mosiyanasiyana.
Pamaziko a kafukufuku ndi kuyesa, fakitale inaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic. Poyamba anagula anamaliza TACHIMATA mchenga (100% ceramic mchenga), ndiyeno anagula kusinthika ndi ❖ kuyanika zida, ndi mosalekeza wokometsedwa ndondomeko pa ndondomeko kupanga, ntchito ceramic mchenga ndi scrubbing mchenga kusakaniza yaiwisi mchenga. Pakadali pano, mchenga wokutidwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi tebulo ili:
| Mchenga wa Ceramic wokutidwa ndi mchenga wopangira nyumba za turbocharger | ||||
| Kukula kwa Mchenga | Mtengo wa mchenga wa ceramic% | Kuwonjezera pa resin% | Mphamvu yopindika MPa | Kutulutsa kwa gasi ml/g |
| AFS50 | 30-50 | 1.6-1.9 | 6.5-8 | ≤12 |
Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, ntchito yopanga mbewuyi yakhala ikuyenda mokhazikika, mtundu wa castings ndi wabwino, ndipo phindu lazachuma ndi chilengedwe ndi lodabwitsa. Chidule chake chili motere:
a. Kugwiritsira ntchito mchenga wa ceramic, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic ndi mchenga wa silika kuti apange ma cores, amachotsa zolakwika monga mchenga womamatira, sintering, veining, ndi kuphulika kwa kutentha kwa castings, ndikuzindikira kupanga kokhazikika komanso kothandiza;
b. Kuponyera koyambira, kupanga bwino kwambiri, chiŵerengero chochepa cha mchenga ndi chitsulo (nthawi zambiri sichiposa 2: 1), kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wosaphika, ndi kutsika mtengo;
c. Kuthira kwapakati kumathandizira kukonzanso ndikubwezeretsanso mchenga wa zinyalala, ndipo kukonzanso kwamafuta kumatengedwa mofanana kuti kubwezeretsedwenso. Kuchita kwa mchenga wopangidwanso kwafika pamtunda wa mchenga watsopano wotsuka mchenga, zomwe zapeza zotsatira zochepetsera mtengo wogula mchenga waiwisi ndi kuchepetsa kutaya zinyalala zolimba;
d. M'pofunika kufufuza pafupipafupi zomwe zili mu mchenga wa ceramic mu mchenga wosinthidwa kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mchenga watsopano wa ceramic wowonjezera;
e. Mchenga wa Ceramic uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, madzi abwino, komanso mawonekedwe akulu. Mukasakaniza mchenga wa silika, ndizosavuta kuyambitsa tsankho. Ngati ndi kotheka, njira yowombera mchenga iyenera kusinthidwa;
f. Mukaphimba filimuyi, yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wapamwamba kwambiri wa phenolic, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana mosamala.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic mu injini ya aluminium alloy silinda mutu
Pofuna kukonza mphamvu zamagalimoto, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa utsi, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, magalimoto opepuka ndizomwe zikukula pamsika wamagalimoto. Pakali pano, injini zamagalimoto (kuphatikizapo injini ya dizilo), monga midadada ya silinda ndi mitu ya silinda, nthawi zambiri zimaponyedwa ndi ma aloyi a aluminiyamu, ndikuponyera midadada ya silinda ndi mitu ya silinda, pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa mchenga, kuponyera mphamvu yokoka yachitsulo ndi kupanikizika kochepa. casting (LPDC) ndi omwe akuyimira kwambiri.
Mchenga wapakati, mchenga wokutidwa ndi bokosi lozizira la aluminium alloy cylinder block ndi ma castings amutu ndizofala kwambiri, zoyenera kulondola kwambiri komanso kupanga kwakukulu. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mchenga wa ceramic ndi yofanana ndi kupanga mutu wachitsulo chachitsulo. Chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono kuthira ndi mphamvu yokoka ya aluminiyamu ya aloyi, nthawi zambiri mchenga wapakati wamphamvu umagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga phata la mchenga wozizira mufakitale, kuchuluka kwa utomoni wowonjezera ndi 0.5-0.6%, ndipo mphamvu yamakokedwe ndi 0.8-1.2 MPa. Mchenga wa pachimake umafunika Umakhala wopindika bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa utomoni wowonjezeredwa ndipo kumathandizira kwambiri kugwa kwapakati pa mchenga.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo malo opangira zinthu komanso kuwongolera bwino kwa ma castings, pali kafukufuku wochulukirachulukira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma binders (kuphatikiza magalasi osinthidwa amadzi, zomangira phosphate, etc.). Chithunzi m'munsimu ndi kuponya malo fakitale ntchito ceramic mchenga wosakhazikika binder pachimake mchenga zotayidwa aloyi yamphamvu mutu.
Fakitale imagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic inorganic binder kupanga pachimake, ndipo kuchuluka kwa binder kuwonjezeredwa ndi 1.8 ~ 2.2%. Chifukwa cha madzi abwino a mchenga wa ceramic, pachimake mchenga ndi wandiweyani, pamwamba pake ndi wathunthu komanso wosalala, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa m'badwo wa gasi kumakhala kochepa, kumapindulitsa kwambiri zokolola za castings, kumapangitsa kuti mchenga ukhale wabwino kwambiri. , imapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale bwino, ndipo chimakhala chitsanzo cha kupanga zobiriwira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic pamakina opangira injini kwathandizira kupanga bwino, kukonza malo ogwirira ntchito, kuthetsa zolakwika zoponyera, komanso kupeza phindu lalikulu pazachuma komanso zabwino zachilengedwe.
Makampani opanga injini akuyenera kupitiliza kukulitsa kusinthika kwa mchenga wapakati, kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa ceramic, ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala zolimba.
Malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito, mchenga wa ceramic pano ndiye mchenga wapadera womwe umagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga injini.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-27-2023
