Popanga, makampani opanga zinthu mosakayikira amakumana ndi zolakwika monga kuchepa, kuwira, ndi tsankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zochepa. Kusungunulanso ndi kupanga kudzakumananso ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Momwe mungachepetsere zolakwika zoponya ndi vuto lomwe akatswiri opezako akhala akuda nkhawa nalo.
Ponena za nkhani yochepetsera zolakwika zoponya, John Campbell, pulofesa wa yunivesite ya Birmingham ku UK, ali ndi chidziwitso chapadera chochepetsera zolakwika zoponya. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2001, Li Dianzhong, wofufuza ku Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, adapanga ndondomeko yotentha ya bungwe lokonzekera ndi kupanga ndondomeko motsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa John Campbell. Masiku ano, Intercontinental Media yalemba mndandanda wa mfundo khumi zapamwamba zochepetsera zolakwika zomwe zaperekedwa ndi katswiri wapadziko lonse John Campbell.
1.Kuponyedwa kwabwino kumayamba ndi kusungunula kwapamwamba
Mukangoyamba kuthira ma castings, muyenera kukonzekera, kuyang'ana ndikugwira ntchito yosungunulira. Ngati pakufunika, mulingo wovomerezeka wotsikitsitsa utha kutsatiridwa. Komabe, njira yabwinoko ndikukonzekeretsa ndikutengera dongosolo losungunulira pafupi ndi ziro zolakwika.
2.Pewani chipwirikiti inclusions pa madzi madzi pamwamba
Izi zimafuna kupewa kuthamanga kwambiri kwamadzimadzi kutsogolo kwamadzimadzi (meniscus). Kwa zitsulo zambiri, kuthamanga kothamanga kwambiri kumayendetsedwa pa 0.5m / s. Kwa makina otsekera otsekedwa kapena mbali zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, kuthamanga kwambiri kwamayendedwe kumawonjezeka moyenerera. Chofunikira ichi chimatanthauzanso kuti kutalika kwachitsulo chosungunuka sikungathe kupitirira mtengo wa "static drop" kutalika.
3.Pewani ma laminar inclusions a pamwamba condensate zipolopolo mu chitsulo chosungunuka
Izi zimafuna kuti panthawi yonse yodzaza, palibe mapeto a kutsogolo kwachitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chiyenera kusiya kuyenda msanga. Meniscus yachitsulo yosungunuka kumayambiriro kwa kudzazidwa iyenera kukhala yosasunthika ndipo isakhudzidwe ndi kukhuthala kwa zipolopolo za condensate, zomwe zimakhala gawo la kuponyera. Kuti izi zitheke, kutsogolo kutsogolo kwachitsulo chosungunula kungapangidwe kuti ziwonjezeke mosalekeza. M'zochita, kokha kutsanulira pansi "kumtunda" kungakwaniritse kukwera kosalekeza. (Mwachitsanzo, poponya mphamvu yokoka, imayamba kuyenderera mmwamba kuchokera pansi pa wothamanga wowongoka). Izi zikutanthauza:
pansi kuthira dongosolo;
Palibe "kutsika" kugwa kapena kutsetsereka kwachitsulo;
Palibe zoyenda zazikulu zopingasa;
Palibe kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwachitsulo chifukwa cha kuthira kapena kutuluka kwamadzi.
4.Pewani kutsekeka kwa mpweya (kutulutsa thovu)
Pewani kutsekeka kwa mpweya munjira yothira kuti isapangitse thovu kulowa m'bowo. Izi zitha kukwaniritsidwa ndi:
Kukonzekera bwino kapu yotsanuliridwa;
Kukonzekera mwanzeru sprue kuti mudzaze mwachangu;
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino "damu";
Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito "chitsime" kapena njira ina yotsegulira;
Kugwiritsira ntchito wothamanga wagawo laling'ono kapena kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya ceramic pafupi ndi kugwirizana pakati pa sprue ndi mtanda wothamanga;
Kugwiritsa ntchito degassing chipangizo;
Njira yothira imakhala yosasokonezedwa.
5.Pewani pores pachimake mchenga
Pewani thovu la mpweya wopangidwa ndi phata la mchenga kapena nkhungu yamchenga kulowa muzitsulo zosungunuka. Pakatikati pa mchenga payenera kukhala mpweya wochepa kwambiri, kapena gwiritsani ntchito utsi woyenerera kuti muteteze kutulutsa kwa ma pores amchenga. Mchenga wopangidwa ndi dongo kapena guluu wokonza nkhungu sungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha utauma.
6.Pewani ming'alu yocheperako
Chifukwa cha ma convection komanso kusakhazikika kwa ma gradients, ndizosatheka kupeza chakudya chokwera chokwera pamagawo akulu ndi akulu. Choncho, malamulo onse odyetserako shrinkage ayenera kutsatiridwa kuti awonetsetse kuti kapangidwe kabwino ka kadyedwe ka shrinkage, ndi luso lofanizira makompyuta liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsimikizira ndi kuponya zitsanzo zenizeni. Yang'anirani mulingo wa kung'anima pakulumikizana pakati pa nkhungu yamchenga ndi pachimake cha mchenga; kuwongolera makulidwe a zokutira zoponya (ngati zilipo); kulamulira aloyi ndi kuponyera kutentha.
7.Pewani kusuntha
Zowopsa za convection zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yolimba. Zopanga zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala komanso zolimba sizimakhudzidwa ndi zoopsa za convection. Kwa ma castings makulidwe apakati: chepetsani zoopsa za convection kudzera munjira yoponyera kapena njira;
Pewani kudya kwapamwamba;
Kutembenuka pambuyo kuthira.
8.Chepetsani tsankho
Pewani tsankho ndikuwongolera mkati mwa muyezo wokhazikika, kapena gawo la malire omwe amaloledwa ndi kasitomala. Ngati n'kotheka, yesetsani kupewa tsankho la tchanelo.
9.Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kotsalira
Pambuyo njira mankhwala a kaloti kuwala, musati kuzimitsa ndi madzi (ozizira kapena madzi otentha). Ngati kupsinjika kwa kuponyera sikukuwoneka kwakukulu, gwiritsani ntchito polima quenching sing'anga kapena kukakamiza mpweya kuzimitsa.
10.Kupatsidwa mfundo zolozera
Ma castings onse ayenera kupatsidwa malo owonetserako kuti awonedwe ndi kukonza.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-30-2024
